Education Profile in Nepal - 896 Words

1. Country Background 1.1 Geography Nepal is a landlocked country, sharing border with largest and fastest growing Economy in the world; China and India. It is has a total surface area of 147,181 square kilometers (56,827 sq miles). Nepal is home of 8 most highest mountain in the world. Topographically, Nepal can be divided into four ecological category; Lowland (Tarai), Midland, Highland and Trans Himalayan. Tarai occupies low and flat land also known as food basket of Nepal. 1.2 Demography According to the most recent census held on 2011, there are 26,494,504 people in the country with a sex ratio of 94.2 male per 100. There are 796,422 more females than males in the country (CBS, 2012). 50.27% population (13,318,705) lives in Tarai†¦show more content†¦According to government census report, there are 13% of the total population are Dalit however, NNDSWO claims it to be 20%. Similarly about 38% of the population claims to be Janajati who speak around 92 different languages or dialects (UNESCO 2008). History of Nepalese Education: It has been cited that modern education in Nepal began in 1853 (Thapa, 2011). However, Nepal has less than hundred years of experience in public education. Before the 1950s education was not accessible to the general public, it was explicitly for the members of the ruling elites, their courtiers, and some high caste people. Nepali education system was developed to educate and serve oligarchs of the country (Sharma, 1990). Public Education started after the establishment of democracy in 1950. National Education Planning Commission was established in 1954 followed by the formation of National Education Advisory Board in 1968 to implement and reform the education system in Nepal. Fourth Five Year Plan (1970 to 1975) took Education policy as one of the key national goals. Similarly, in 1975 compulsory and free primary education was introduced. Nepali government offered necessary support to the primary schools, such as; training, educational material, and necessary infrastructures (Christa A. Skerry, Kerry Moran, Ka M Calavan, 1991). As existing education system is constructed with the help of United Nations Educational, Scientific, and CulturalShow MoreRelatedApplication Letter For Mba Degree Program1243 Words   |  5 Pagesfurther studies in MBA degree program with three months MBA foundation course in University Canada West, Vancouver, British Columbia. As far as my profile is concerned, I accomplished my first milestone of school (school leaving certificate) from New Horizon Higher Secondary School achieving 75.75% and joined Science stream in New Horizon College Butwal, Nepal and secured 52% aggregate in 10+2. 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Compare And Contrast Antigone And Martin Luther King

There may be many things for which a person is willing to fight. Nonetheless, there are very few for which a person will lay down their life. Freedom, justice, peace, and love are just some issues that most place a great value on. So, how far must we go to achieve these ideals that we so greatly crave in our world today? Some believe that passive action is the best and most moral way to achieve desired results, while others insist that forceful action quickly leads to a superior outcome. For instance, Antigone and Martin Luther King Jr. each fought against different injustices by utilizing nonviolent, but direct action. The two greatly felt the need for change, accepted the responsibility of their endeavors, and sacrificed their lives†¦show more content†¦For instance when Antigone tries to persuade her sister to bury their brother, Ismene believes she cannot break the law. In response, Antigone passionately declares, â€Å"Make your excuses! I shall go and heap up earth into a tomb and bury him, my dearest brother† (80-81). Her anger and disbelief that her sister will not help fuels this fiery argument, as it does when she speaks with Creon. Her rage and determined nature only ignites the disagreement between Creon further because he is of the same nature. If she instead remained a bit calmer, Creon and Ismene could have realized the truth to her beliefs without feeling threatened or personally attacked. Furthermore if Antigone had taken their adherence to man-made law into account, her argument would have been more effective and more appealing to her audience. Rather than attempting to understand her adversaries, she disdains their reasoning and only accepts her own, which only hurts her act of civil disobedience and its reasoning. In contrast to Antigone’s lack of debating skills, King practiced the art of skillful persuasion and debate. For instance, King Jr. and other civil rights activists attempted to negotiate with various white business owners in hopes of progressing their status in society. However, they soon realized that they needed to â€Å"foster such a tension that a community which has constantly refused to

Environmental Friendly Sustainable Transport System

Question: Describe about environmental friendly sustainable transport system. Answer: Introduction Environment refers to the physical and social surroundings in which we live. The life of the human being is regulated by his surroundings. The surrounding of a person influences a persons behavior and way of living. It consists of several components, which are earth, air, water, solar energy and other resources. The environment provided us with every resource for our living and we are dependent on it as it influences our life. But, when this environment is adversely affected due to pollution it is also affecting the all the living beings including the humans. The damage due to pollution on environment is increasing with every passing year and its creating a threat to our existence (Entrans.co.uk, 2015). The environmental pollution is resulted due to multiple factors like wastage of resources, disposal of harmful wastes directly into the water, use of chemicals into the soil and emission of harmful chemical particles into the air. The transport system is impacting the environment adve rsely and a major reason for pollution (Gerdes, 2008). Environmental pollution and its types Environment is the surrounding of a living being which influences its life. It is affected by social, natural and psychological factors. The environment can be classified as micro environment and macro environment. Macro environment is further sub divided into biological and physical environment (Gifford, 2006). Micro environment The local surroundings of an individual is his micro environment. Macro environment- Its a broader concept. All the biological and physical factors that surround an individual are his macro environment. Biological environment It includes all the biological factors like plants and animals. Physical environment- It refers to land, water, air, minerals and etc. Pollution which affects the environment, is caused due to the fault of the pollutants that contaminate the environment is several ways. Thus, pollution is of several types, which are air pollution, soil pollution, noise pollution, water pollution, heat pollution and light pollution (Goodall, 2012). Air pollution- It is the most dangerous type of pollution, which happens due to many reasons. A huge amount of chemical substance is emitted by vehicles into the air when the fuel is burnt which pollutes the air. The smoke emitted by vehicles consists of harmful gases like carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide which goes into the air and creates pollution. People are suffering from breathing problem like asthma and detected with cancer in the lungs. The emission of harmful gases causes other major problems like global warming, depletion of ice in the north and acid rain. Soil pollution- It is another important type of pollution which occurs because of use of harmful chemicals into the soil like frequent use of insecticides and pesticides which consists of dangerous chemicals. Soil erosion happens due to mining and deforestation which causes soil pollution. Noise pollution- When the vehicles cause irritating sound in the streets it results to noise pollution. Often we see people honking in the streets during traffic jams which results to stress , hearing problem and tensed environment. Water pollution- Water the reason of existence of the living beings. But it is contaminated regularly by the industries and factories. Often industrial waste which consists of harmful chemicals is drained directly into the water bodies. The aquatic life is slowly deteriorating with the rivers and ponds getting polluted by the industrial wastes and as the water is getting polluted human beings are subjected to water borne diseases like cholera, diarrhea and other skin diseases (Miller, 2007). Heat pollution-Due to the cause of global warming, deforestation and loss of fresh waters huge climatic change is witnessed and as result we are exposed to more heat which causes rise in the temperature and extinction of plant and animal life. Light pollution- It is another type of pollution, where excessive amount of electricity to create light results in loss of energy. Various kind of transportation The environment and transportation are interconnected to one another. Transportation can be defined as the movement of people and goods from one place to another. It can be done through land (road), water (ship) and air. It has helped the entire world stay connected to one another physically (Barnhart and Laporte, 2007). The road transportation has the largest number of commuters and covers the widest area as compared to other mode of transportation. It is easy to access with low price to avail, low maintenance cost and can be used both to transport people, animals and goods. Roads transport includes railway transportation (Gray and Graham, 2012). Water transportation or maritime transportation is mainly suitable for transportation of large amount of goods in the form of cargo from one place to other covering long distances. It is slightly expensive to avail and require high maintenance cost especially for better coasts and higher transportation costs for better shipment of goods (Baxter, 2015). Air transportation is another costly but effective mode of transport. Air ways are unlimited but it is set as per certain rules for one country. People seeking to have long distance transportation from one country to another during a short time prefer the air transportation. It requires a huge resource for air transportation and is becoming a growing sector in the economy (Cahill, 2010). Transportation of information through electronic networks is another type of transportation but it does not include the physical mode. It can be used in transferring unlimited data throughout the world in few seconds. Countries are using it in every way to transfer important information through satellites and electronic networks. There is a relationship between transport and environment. The environment is affected by the transportation system. Presently, the transportation system is facing a lot of problem. The transportation system is directly connected to the environment and is having several effects on the environment (Naumann, 2011). Some of the effects of transportation system on the environment are: Direct effect- The immediate effect of transportation system on the environment is often clearly observed. It explains the immediate impact of transport modes on the environment. Indirect effect- These effects of environment is not immediately understood. But it affects the environment in the long run. The impact of this kind of effects is bigger cause of environment pollution. Cumulative effect- This is the cumulating cause of both the direct and indirect effects of transportation activities on the environment which cannot be predicted from before (Needtoknow.nas.edu, 2015). With the rise in economic growth increases the level of transportation and in turn increases the number of vehicles which results to congestion of traffic and rise in the fuel costs. The large number of vehicles requires more fuel, and as a result a rise in pollution and a severe climatic change occurs. This creates global warming and loss of wildlife. The rise in the air pollution due to more fuel emission results in lung problem and health issues. The rise of pollution in the air also results to acid rain, rise of chlorofluorocarbons or CFC results in depletion of ozone layer and reduce the stratosphere concentration which increases the exposition of UV rays which led to skin cancer, immune system deficiency, cataracts in eye and damage of crops. The dangerous particles in the air results in the pollution of the hydrosphere from where the acid rain originates from the clouds accumulated in the hydrosphere (Needtoknow.nas.edu, 2015). Poisonous chemicals in the acid rains like nitrou s oxide when get mixed with the water bodies adversely affects the water life. This results in an ecological imbalance because the entire ecology is dependent on water to sustain their existence. Another pollution created by transportation which affects the environment is noise pollution. It is estimated that noise pollution occurs the most in roads. The noise is mainly produced from the honking of horns and the frictional sound of the engine. The quality of life in the urban society is hampered the most due to the noise pollution. While road transportation creates 70% noise, railway transport creates 10% noise and air transport creates 20% noise. Noise pollution increases tension, blood pressure and stress. All these pollutions created by transportation should be checked with effective measures and those measures should be exercised correctly. As discussed above the effect of different kinds of pollutions due to transportation system on the environment is catastrophic. Air pollution is caused from emission of harmful gases like carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons and CFC from the vehicles. Thus to solve air pollution several measures could be taken. Such as use of electricity to run a car. This is mainly done with the use of electronic batteries which is needed to be charged with electricity from time to time. This could substitute the petroleum run vehicle provided the problems of source of energy for these electrical cars are solved. People commuting in their private cars can switch to public transport; this will reduce the use of number of cars which in turn will reduce the overall fuel emission. Some other measures to reduce air pollution caused by transportation can be turning off your car during traffic signals, reducing the weight in the car and use of alternative mode of transport like cycling and walkin g for short distance (Orme, 2009). Water bodies are polluted when the dangerous chemical particles in the air gets mixed in the rivers and lakes. The rivers are getting acidic because of the acid rain which contaminates the water bodies and limits the growth of the water ecology. The harmful chemical wastes from the industries, use of pesticides in irrigation process which gets mixed in the rivers and dangerous chemical substance in the air which accumulates into the water causes water pollution. The effective management on the part of the industries can control the drainage of industrial wastes directly in the water and reducing the use of pesticides can reduce the water pollution. On the part of the transport system, innovative measures like use of hydrogen based cars in which cars are run through electricity which are generated from the use of hydrogen gas. The vehicles then run from the electricity which gives mechanical energy to the electric motor. The best part in use of hydrogen fuel cells is that the vehicles emit pure water which is way better than the emission of harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide (Payne and Phillips, 2010). Noise produced from the vehicles affects the social environment largely. It is essential on the part of the vehicle owners and drivers to not to create any sound while in traffic and creating a disturbance to the fellow drivers. Also, the conditions of the cars, buses and trucks should be taken care of like, the engine should be maintained in good condition, the tires should be changed after a time and weight in vehicles should be controlled. So, to reduce noise pollution the main focus is on the road transport. Finally, for effective transport system there should be proper infrastructure and land availability for providing with more space and better transportation in the cities. This helps in faster transport, reducing wastage of fuels and safety for the commuters (Robinson, 2012). Conclusion Thus, the relationship between transportation and environment goes hand in hand. Transportation is connected with large number of environmental factors. Transportation system should be organized and controlled to reduce pollution and make betterment of the environment. So, we conclude here the sustainability of transportation with better use of resources, better economic efficiency and reduced pollution (Rodrigue, 2015). Reflective Log Environment and transportation system is interconnected. The rising transportation process with the growth of economy ha increased the level of pollution and is affecting the environment severely. There are various kind of pollution like air pollution, this is caused when there emission of harmful particles into the air, which results in affecting the earth atmosphere and result in global warming. Due to which there is rise in various chronic diseases. Another kind of pollution is water pollution which is happened from inefficient disposal process of industrial wastes and frequent use of pesticides which get mixed in the water bodies and pollutes them. This affects the water life and in turn affects the human because of unavailability of fresh water to sustain life. Noise pollution is caused by the vehicles and large factories. Land pollution from use of harmful fertilizers and chemicals which cause soil erosion, poor agricultural yield and deforestation and heat pollution from globa l warming which results in climatic changes and polar ice cap depletion are some other types of pollution. Therefore, to control this pollution several measures are taken (Sohn and Koellhoffer, 2006). But here we have discussed the effect of transportation system on the pollution and the solution to these problems. Like, instead of using petroleum oil or gas as fuel in vehicles, hydrogen cell fuels and electric energy can be used as their substitute. Though still it is long way to go to incorporate these as alternative fuel source but efforts are made to make it happen in future. While, the awareness on the part of the drivers and commuters can reduce the noise pollution made from honking horns and proper maintenance of vehicles controls the noise created from frictional sound of the engines and tires. Effective land taking and utilization ensures sustainable development in the transportation system. A sustainable transport facility can be known as the effective mode of movement of people, goods and data from one place to another. While the transportation of people and goods through roadways, ships and airways requires infrastructural and maintenance cost. The cost varies from one way to another, while the road ways and railways are most used and comparatively cheaper to maintain and the shipways and airways are used to transport people and goods from one country to another in large number is more costly to maintain. This huge transportation system requires huge amount of fuel to operate but it is also necessary to control its affect on the environment (Thiele, 2013). The environmental pollution misbalance the ecology and slowly becoming threat to the existence of human race. So, to sustain environmental development effective pollution control should be made. The study of effective pollution control of the transportation system on the environment has made us aware of the transportation system and how to maintain its sustainability in the global and local level s through bringing stability of the worlds environment in the long run by ensuring resources availability and to control the pollution in the cities through improving the transportation process (Colley, 2006). References Barnhart, C. and Laporte, G. (2007).Transportation. Amsterdam: North Holland. Baxter, E. (2015).10 Possible Transportation Pollution Solutions - HowStuffWorks. [online] HowStuffWorks. Available at: https://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-science/10-transportation-pollution-solutions.htm [Accessed 30 Mar. 2015]. Cahill, M. (2010).Transport, environment and society. Maidenhead, U.K.: Open University Press. Colley, A. (2006).Sustainability. Canterbury, N.S.W.: Envirobook. Entrans.co.uk, (2015).Environmental Transport Systems. [online] Available at: https://www.entrans.co.uk/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2015]. Gerdes, L. (2008).Transportation. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Gerdes, L. (2011).Pollution. Detroit [Mich.]: Greenhaven Press. Gifford, C. (2006).Pollution. Chicago, Ill.: Heinemann Library. Goodall, C. (2012).Sustainability. London: Hodder Stoughton. Gray, L. and Graham, I. (2012).Transportation. New York: DK Pub. Miller, D. (2007).Pollution. Detroit: Greenhaven Press. Naumann, R. (2011).Sustainability. North Shore, N.Z.: Cengage Learning. Needtoknow.nas.edu, (2015).How We Use Energy, Transportation The National Academies. [online] Available at: https://needtoknow.nas.edu/energy/energy-use/transportation/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2015]. Needtoknow.nas.edu, (2015).How We Use Energy, Transportation The National Academies. [online] Available at: https://needtoknow.nas.edu/energy/energy-use/transportation/ [Accessed 30 Mar. 2015]. Orme, H. (2009).Pollution. New York, N.Y.: Bearport Pub. Payne, A. and Phillips, N. (2010).Development. Cambridge: Polity. Robinson, Z. (2012).Sustainability. Singapore: Marshall Cavendish Editions. Rodrigue, D. (2015).The Geography of Transport Systems. [online] People.hofstra.edu. Available at: https://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/index.html [Accessed 30 Mar. 2015]. Sohn, E. and Koellhoffer, T. (2006).The environment. New York, NY: Chelsea Clubhouse. Thiele, L. (2013).Sustainability. Cambridge: Polity.

Secrets and Lies free essay sample

In this essay I would like to argue that in Secrets and Lies Mike Leigh is suggesting that secrets cause tensions in families and destroys relationships between family members. Firstly, I would like to consider that it is actually true according my own experience because there is been some lies and hidden secrets in my family as well and once they are exposed, it causes embarrassments to those whom are affected. Secondly, I believe secrets can form a negative and positive impact once they are exposed because, it can be a turning point where families consider reuniting and leave the past behind which obviously happens in Secrets and Lies. Sometimes it happens the other way around where Secrets and Lies destroy relationships between family members forcing them to abandon each other. In this paragraph I focus on how Secrets and Lies is compared to other movies based on a humanistic approach meaning that they introduce the nature of human behaviour in societies. We will write a custom essay sample on Secrets and Lies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mike Leigh assumes that,† The films that are made in most parts of the world arent independent films; theyre just films, really. Here â€Å"independent† films mean films made in spite of Hollywood. † (Miller) Leigh considers Secret and Lies as an independent movie in a sense that it contains realistic facts and truthfulness compared to those produced by filmmakers in Hollywood where they mostly focus on style, cinematic etc. Leigh is right in that case because, Secret and Lies looks like some sort of documentary yet it’s a film rather than stylish, cinematic which in my point of view reflects to what is called humanistic approach. It consists of simple elements that we all are related to and not too advanced with special effects or better graphics as movies made in Hollywood for instance. I strongly believe that it touches its viewers with its contents. According to Miller’s article, involving an interview with Mike Leigh, he claims that, †I’d say that what I do is work very, very thoroughly indeed and get the actors involved from the word go to create a world that really does exist, whether we point a camera at it or not. (Miller) To make it all work, Leigh let his actors carry on with improvising while acting in order to create an environment which he relates to reality. This reflects to Rosenbaum’s quote where he asks himself why â€Å"Why, then, have I liked Secrets and Lies so much that Ive been able to see it three times with pleasure, and found it as gripping the third time as the first? † (Rosenbaum) It is how Leigh let his actors create an environment he looking for, says the author! In my opinion, I believe Rosenbaum is amazed about Leigh’s work because, the producer reveals how he simply does to make his movies become â€Å"independent†. I assume that most producers scribble down a script and give it to their actors when it’s done and here Leigh does the opposite and the results prove to come out great. In this paragraph, I emphasize on the difference between Secrets and Lies in and Hollywood movies and what others say about his work. Rosenbaum argues that, †Set Secrets and Lies alongside most recent Hollywood pictures it looks like a masterpiece, but considered in relation to the best of Leighsay, Meantime or Grown-ups or High Hopesor the best of recent non-Hollywood films, it looks rather thin. (Rosenbaum) As the author puts it, Secrets and Lies don’t have enough detailed information to be classified as one of Leigh’s best movies because, he claims that it not one that sticks in one’s mind. I’m of two minds about Rosenbaum’s claim that Secrets and Lies isn’t one of Leigh best movies because its lack of extra material to be considered in that category. On the on e hand, I don’t think Secrets and Lies weren’t clarified enough for one to understand what is really going on. On the other hand, I believe Leigh didn’t want to include unnecessary scenes in order to make it too long and simply erase its taste for some audience to be able to watch more than once. Still I strongly believe that some find Secrets and Lies as their favourite depending on their interests. Especially for those who relate it to their own environments in real life. I’m going to look at the race issue which most viewers regard as a main concept and also was on how Mike Leigh himself, responds to this during an interview. When asked if Secrets and Lies emphases on a race aspect, Mike Leigh replies, it’s not what he focuses on and he also indicates that its only idiots who do think that way about the fact that Hortense is black and Cynthia is white because, some don’t even know that it is 1996 and people have learned to live with the race issue behind in some societies. In fact, he backs up his statement describing Hortense’s character stating that, â€Å"As you get to know her, you simply forget that shes black because you get to know her and it ceases to be an issue. (Miller) I see Leigh’s point on the race aspect here because, it is 1996 when Secret and Lies came out and at that time, some societies consists of mixed races where racism is limited to a minimum point. Perhaps he wanted to point out the fact that Secrets and Lies was about other issues rather than race. Hortense had something to do which was to find her birth mother and try to find out the truth. What happe ned to her real father? Cynthia did want to get further on that case other than finally accepting Hortense as her daughter. I assume she felt ashamed of whatever happened and wanted to keep that away from Hortense. Perhaps she didn’t want to upset Hortense by telling her the story nor herself. A quote from Boston Review states that, â€Å"In fact, a week before Leighs film opened in Boston, the local news was filled with stories about the reunion of just such a daughter and her birth mother-an Irish Catholic woman with two small children who had been raped in the early 1960s by a Black man. (Stone) This brings curiosity to my mind why the author gave this example? Is it because he was reflecting this to a race aspect or he wanted to lead the reader to point that Cynthia was raped and that’s how she got Hortense. In my opinion, Alan Stone tries to give an example in which he signalling the similarity of Secrets and Lies and what he read in the newspaper. I can’t really tell if the author what his message about this statement. Was it because he related what he read in the newspaper to Secrets and Lies about the reunion of white mother and the adopted daughter? Or what I mentioned earlier? I assume he focused on both terms. I going to look at the scenes in Secrets and Lies as they reflect to the paragraph above and why they are very good for not only me but also for those who think they familiarize to them in terms of what they have experienced or what they have seen in real life. Mike Leigh struggles to make sure the audience understands the film and he claims during an interview that, â€Å"I go to enough trouble to make sure that you do understand in the scenes where Morris is taking photographs the whole spectrum of society, the various kinds of people and various skin colours. † (Miller) He brings a closer picture of reality rather than stylish, cinematic so that people relate to it in comparison to movies made by gigantic industries such as Hollywood. He also reflects on how the environment looks like, people who live in it as shown when Morris takes pictures of different folks with different skin colours. In this case, it was filmed in London and according to me, that’s how the society looks like over there. Leigh ignores the race aspect in Secret and Lies because in this kind of society, people living in this environment have learned to live with it and it doesn’t affect many as it’s a mixed society with different ethnicities. In this paragraph, I focus on actors and their characters in Secrets and Lies in comparison to what most people go through in real life. Author Rosenbaum summarizes Secrets and Lies to a dysfunctional family seeking mutual acceptance in an example in the movie where he claims that, â€Å"Cynthia is a mess, barrelling her way through the story, but its her messiness that ultimately exposes the family wounds and therefore allows them to begin to heal. Secrets and Lies free essay sample In this essay I would like to argue that in Secrets and Lies Mike Leigh is suggesting that secrets cause tensions in families and destroys relationships between family members. Firstly, I would like to consider that it is actually true according my own experience because there is been some lies and hidden secrets in my family as well and once they are exposed, it causes embarrassments to those whom are affected. Secondly, I believe secrets can form a negative and positive impact once they are exposed because, it can be a turning point where families consider reuniting and leave the past behind which obviously happens in Secrets and Lies. Sometimes it happens the other way around where Secrets and Lies destroy relationships between family members forcing them to abandon each other. In this paragraph I focus on how Secrets and Lies is compared to other movies based on a humanistic approach meaning that they introduce the nature of human behaviour in societies. We will write a custom essay sample on Secrets and Lies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Mike Leigh assumes that,† The films that are made in most parts of the world arent independent films; theyre just films, really. Here â€Å"independent† films mean films made in spite of Hollywood. † (Miller) Leigh considers Secret and Lies as an independent movie in a sense that it contains realistic facts and truthfulness compared to those produced by filmmakers in Hollywood where they mostly focus on style, cinematic etc. Leigh is right in that case because, Secret and Lies looks like some sort of documentary yet it’s a film rather than stylish, cinematic which in my point of view reflects to what is called humanistic approach. It consists of simple elements that we all are related to and not too advanced with special effects or better graphics as movies made in Hollywood for instance. I strongly believe that it touches its viewers with its contents. According to Miller’s article, involving an interview with Mike Leigh, he claims that, †I’d say that what I do is work very, very thoroughly indeed and get the actors involved from the word go to create a world that really does exist, whether we point a camera at it or not. (Miller) To make it all work, Leigh let his actors carry on with improvising while acting in order to create an environment which he relates to reality. This reflects to Rosenbaum’s quote where he asks himself why â€Å"Why, then, have I liked Secrets and Lies so much that Ive been able to see it three times with pleasure, and found it as gripping the third time as the first? † (Rosenbaum) It is how Leigh let his actors create an environment he looking for, says the author! In my opinion, I believe Rosenbaum is amazed about Leigh’s work because, the producer reveals how he simply does to make his movies become â€Å"independent†. I assume that most producers scribble down a script and give it to their actors when it’s done and here Leigh does the opposite and the results prove to come out great. In this paragraph, I emphasize on the difference between Secrets and Lies in and Hollywood movies and what others say about his work. Rosenbaum argues that, †Set Secrets and Lies alongside most recent Hollywood pictures it looks like a masterpiece, but considered in relation to the best of Leighsay, Meantime or Grown-ups or High Hopesor the best of recent non-Hollywood films, it looks rather thin. (Rosenbaum) As the author puts it, Secrets and Lies don’t have enough detailed information to be classified as one of Leigh’s best movies because, he claims that it not one that sticks in one’s mind. I’m of two minds about Rosenbaum’s claim that Secrets and Lies isn’t one of Leigh best movies because its lack of extra material to be considered in that category. On the on e hand, I don’t think Secrets and Lies weren’t clarified enough for one to understand what is really going on. On the other hand, I believe Leigh didn’t want to include unnecessary scenes in order to make it too long and simply erase its taste for some audience to be able to watch more than once. Still I strongly believe that some find Secrets and Lies as their favourite depending on their interests. Especially for those who relate it to their own environments in real life. I’m going to look at the race issue which most viewers regard as a main concept and also was on how Mike Leigh himself, responds to this during an interview. When asked if Secrets and Lies emphases on a race aspect, Mike Leigh replies, it’s not what he focuses on and he also indicates that its only idiots who do think that way about the fact that Hortense is black and Cynthia is white because, some don’t even know that it is 1996 and people have learned to live with the race issue behind in some societies. In fact, he backs up his statement describing Hortense’s character stating that, â€Å"As you get to know her, you simply forget that shes black because you get to know her and it ceases to be an issue. (Miller) I see Leigh’s point on the race aspect here because, it is 1996 when Secret and Lies came out and at that time, some societies consists of mixed races where racism is limited to a minimum point. Perhaps he wanted to point out the fact that Secrets and Lies was about other issues rather than race. Hortense had something to do which was to find her birth mother and try to find out the truth. What happe ned to her real father? Cynthia did want to get further on that case other than finally accepting Hortense as her daughter. I assume she felt ashamed of whatever happened and wanted to keep that away from Hortense. Perhaps she didn’t want to upset Hortense by telling her the story nor herself. A quote from Boston Review states that, â€Å"In fact, a week before Leighs film opened in Boston, the local news was filled with stories about the reunion of just such a daughter and her birth mother-an Irish Catholic woman with two small children who had been raped in the early 1960s by a Black man. (Stone) This brings curiosity to my mind why the author gave this example? Is it because he was reflecting this to a race aspect or he wanted to lead the reader to point that Cynthia was raped and that’s how she got Hortense. In my opinion, Alan Stone tries to give an example in which he signalling the similarity of Secrets and Lies and what he read in the newspaper. I can’t really tell if the author what his message about this statement. Was it because he related what he read in the newspaper to Secrets and Lies about the reunion of white mother and the adopted daughter? Or what I mentioned earlier? I assume he focused on both terms. I going to look at the scenes in Secrets and Lies as they reflect to the paragraph above and why they are very good for not only me but also for those who think they familiarize to them in terms of what they have experienced or what they have seen in real life. Mike Leigh struggles to make sure the audience understands the film and he claims during an interview that, â€Å"I go to enough trouble to make sure that you do understand in the scenes where Morris is taking photographs the whole spectrum of society, the various kinds of people and various skin colours. † (Miller) He brings a closer picture of reality rather than stylish, cinematic so that people relate to it in comparison to movies made by gigantic industries such as Hollywood. He also reflects on how the environment looks like, people who live in it as shown when Morris takes pictures of different folks with different skin colours. In this case, it was filmed in London and according to me, that’s how the society looks like over there. Leigh ignores the race aspect in Secret and Lies because in this kind of society, people living in this environment have learned to live with it and it doesn’t affect many as it’s a mixed society with different ethnicities. In this paragraph, I focus on actors and their characters in Secrets and Lies in comparison to what most people go through in real life. Author Rosenbaum summarizes Secrets and Lies to a dysfunctional family seeking mutual acceptance in an example in the movie where he claims that, â€Å"Cynthia is a mess, barrelling her way through the story, but its her messiness that ultimately exposes the family wounds and therefore allows them to begin to heal.